The Case Of Brain Cancer Essay - 1788 Words

One of the most basic ways to approach any situation is to research general information, basic facts, and a logical or scientific output given from a credible source. In the case of brain cancer, this would involve a doctor with a background in oncological training, perhaps surgery, or a familiarity of the technology used in surgical proceedings from a medical standpoint. Science and medicine are disciplines that have progressed exorbitantly in the preceding decades. One such breakthrough was the emergence of radiosurgery as a viable, common, and affordable alternative to regular invasive surgery. As with most developments in any field, this one was borne from a need. Invasive procedures are valuable and lifesaving, however, that type of operation has limitations. Perhaps the most crucial development from radiosurgery has been the ability to operate in areas of the body that would be impossible to safely reach with a scalpel. Radiosurgery was initially developed in 1951, and has had a long period of refinement. Its meta-analysis control rate is 98% for small tumors, while the overall average is 96% (â€Å"Advancements in Radiosurgery†). It is different from regular forms of surgery because it uses beams of radiation as directed and mapped out by a computer, whereas regular surgery involves actual incisions and the opening of the body. It works by specifically targeting an area to concentrate the radiation and eliminate or reduce the radiation to surrounding areas of the body,Show MoreRelatedWhat are Brain Tumors?1342 Words   |  5 PagesBrain Tumour Definition Simply defined, brain tumour is a growth of abnormal cells in your brain. There are different types of brain tumours – while some brain tumours are noncancerous (benign), others are cancerous (malignant). Brain tumours that begin from the brain are called primary brain tumours; and those that begin from other parts of the body and then spread to the brain are known as secondary or metastatic brain tumours. Symptoms The symptoms of brain tumours vary, depending on size of tumourRead MoreCauses Of Cannabidiol ( CBD ) May Inhibit Brain Cancer730 Words   |  3 PagesCannabidiol (CBD) May Inhibit Brain Cancer According to the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA), roughly 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed in 2017, including more than 26,000 primary malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain tumors. Source http://www.abta.org/about-us/news/brain-tumor-statistics/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ Studies suggest that cannabinoids possess antitumor properties, and particular emphasis placed on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactiveRead MoreEssay about Radio Frequency Emissions726 Words   |  3 Pagesrisk of cancer when using it with a wireless phone. According to Wikipedia, sixty percent of the world’s population owns a cell phone. There are roughly 6.7 billion people in the world. This means on any given day 4 billion people are exposed to cellular phones. If cell phones have the potential to cause harm to the human body, then why does America only see 15,000 new cases of brain cancer per year? The two figures don’t add up which leads me to believe that cell phones are not cancer-causingRead MoreCell Phones Cause Brain Cancer Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesor playing is the streets, you will be able to see them everywhere. Whether or not someone answering their cell phone is increasing the likelihood of fatal brain cancer, is in question. Apparently in recent years there has been much research completed looking for a solid answer to the question. Essentially, people are worried about their brains being microwave, breaking bonds and causing genetic damage and consequently a cancerous tumor to evolve. 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Squamous cell carcinoma, or SqCc for short, is known to produce malignant tumours in the brain parenchyma. There has been a case of SqCc that has impacted the parietal bone. An 80 year old Australian man was admitted with aRead MoreComparison Of Parkinsons Alley By Christopher Hitchens And Parkinsons Disease1203 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Parkinson’s Alley† by Joy Horowitz, and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† by Christopher Hitchens, the authors explain the fact that the causes for cancer and Parkinson’s disease are not proven to be known. Joy Horowitz also points out; more and more research is being done each day to better the understanding of these terrible diseases. Although Parkinson’s disease and cancer are completely different diseases, they are astonishingly similar. 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Mr. Ward is a perfect example of this in the case study. Having smoked for approximately 67 years, it was only a matter of time before he developed some type of cancer, in this case lung cancer. This paper will describe how lung cancer, specifically squamous cell cancer of the rightRead MoreEssay about Cell Phone Radiation1306 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that cell phones causes a serious health risk like cancer and brain damage. There appears to be no link between cell phones and brain cancer, suggests a new study conducted by International Agency for Research of Cancer, the largest yet to examine the connection. Danish researchers spent 18 years tracking more than 350,000 people ages 30 and older. Researchers stated that based on their study they found there was no difference in cancer rates between longtime cell phone subscribers and those

The possible link between culture, material conditions,...

The possible link between culture, material conditions, and war After the Second World War and finally after the Cold War and the Gulf War, many peo-ple agreed that there is no need for war anymore. Allies were conducted to maintain peace. But this belief was destroyed. Nowadays, we have to fear a war with Iraq. The question which rises is, if there is a possible link between culture, material conditions, and war? In my paper I will mention the anthropology of war and gender roles. Furthermore, I will discuss the interrelations between culture and war, and finally the interrelations between religion and war. The first question is, if there was war from the beginning of human kind on, or if war just was developed over time? This is a†¦show more content†¦Accordingly to O’Connell, â€Å"violence is not innate in humankind and violence is not inherent in civilization either (p. 6).† But why do we have war? Furthermore, he claims that â€Å"war is dependent on levels of ecological adaptation that is inherently transitory (p. 6)†. That means human beings are not evil from begin-ning on. They learn violence during their life. For example, Neolithic farmers did not know war until they were attacked by marauders, who destroyed their entire village and slaughtered who-ever they could kill. The survivors of this attack built a new, larger settlement. The living area was â€Å"surrounded by a massive wall† to protect them from enemies. They had never forgotten the attack of the marauders, which killed so many people. They built â€Å"a body of armed men [which] marched out of this settlement and did battle with an equivalent force, striving to conquer and so come to rule them (p. 3 f).† The farmers would have never thought about attacking somebody if they would not have been attacked by other people, and therefore learnt about violence. But how is war exactly defined? Anthropologists are not very â€Å"descriptive† about that issue. Accordingly to O’Connell, they see war as â€Å"organized violence† or â€Å"fighting between territorial units (p. 5).† What contents must war fulfill that it is regarded as war? O’Connell claims that true war needs â€Å"preparation, a group orientation, a governmental and militaryShow MoreRelatedFood And Shelter : Architecture And Food786 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision shows are centered on food as well as shelter. It seems evident that food and shelter have a noticeable connection. They lure our senses. Food starts to imitate architecture and architecture imitates food. It is a stronger profound connection between the two that keeps these subjects at the forefront of our bulletin and our consciousness. 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Leadership Key to Group Cohesiveness Free Essays

One of the most complicated tasks to do is to understand how the human mind works.   Put several of these minds together and it is like a topsy-turvy guessing game that can often lead to miscommunication. Handling a group can truly be complicated. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Key to Group Cohesiveness or any similar topic only for you Order Now As more minds work together, more conflicts inevitably arise.   If this cannot be handled properly, this will result to animosity within the rank.   Jealousy from among group members may crop up.   It is therefore imperative for the group to have a decisive and yet magnanimous leader to carry it through good and bad times. Amid this fact, the main problem that shall be answered is basic: How does an effective leadership lessen conflicts and motivate others, specifically subordinates, to be more productive and efficient?If we review the literature on leadership, we will find out that it is very extensive. Issues raise range from different styles of leadership, how to become effective decision-makers, and even how to better motivate people. One study found out that people subsist in a hierarchy of needs, going from physiological needs through safety, social, esteem to self actualization (Whitman, 1987). It is, therefore, vital that a leader knows how to motivate group members. People can be motivated not just by basic needs, but also by noble causes. Some leaders would consider that it is necessary to use pain or threat of pain to motivate, but others consider that this only motivates no one but the dullest and idlest of people. Promises of food, excitement, companionship, involvement and the appreciation of other benefits are better motivators (Whitman). Other literatures also deal with how leaders can make the group reach a consensus when it comes to decision-making. The study found out that many leaders like to think that they are skilled group decision-making methods such as action planning, goal setting and problem-solving, but their capability to execute such practices successfully is often hindered by their lack of understanding of the dynamics of these processes (Schwartz, 1994). In effect, these leaders often end up propagating problems that they themselves create through their carelessness and negligence to the needs of other group members. For this reason, instead of achieving a consensus, some leaders only serve their own interests. The better way to achieve harmony would be for them to pursue how resolutions are made and guarantee that they are attained by actual discussion (Schwartz). It is therefore important to remember that consensus decision represents a reasonable decision that all members of the group can accept although it may not necessarily be the optimal decision for each member (Colwell, 2001). When this is attained, it would be safe and reasonable to say that the leader of the group or the manager of the organization has exhibited effective leadership style. Theoretical Framework The study basically explores the relationship between leadership and its motivational effects on employees or subordinates. Ordinarily, subordinates are motivated to work harder because their leaders encourage them to participate in the process of decision-making.     This kind of participative leadership inspires subordinates.      This is the reason why this study will partly explore the model called the Continuum of Leadership Behaviour which was developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (Colwell).   This theory discusses the choices managers make concerning their subordinates’ involvement in decision making. Basically, the theory has carries two sides of a coin.   On one side, leadership is relatively authoritarian.   On the other side, everything is relatively participative. As to the choice of leadership to be chosen, three factors are considered. In studying this case, one must consider the leader’s value system, his trust in his subordinates, and his feelings of security in an uncertain situation.   In other words, if the manager is insecure of his position and abilities, he may resort to authoritarian leadership; limiting the chances of his subordinates to show their capabilities. Another factor that has to be taken into consideration is the employees’ willingness to assume responsibilities, their expectations, and their need for independence. Also important here are their ability to understand situations and their knowledge in dealing with certain problems. The choice of leadership also depends on the kind of organization one is dealing with.   When an organization needs to have an iron-fisted leader, then it is no doubt important for leaders to be authoritative.   However, if the organization needs continuous input from many heads, then participation of employees is vital to its growth. Another leadership theory that this study will delve into is the Goal-Path theory.   This focuses on the need for leaders to make rewards conditional on the accomplishment of objectives (Schwartz).     Specifically, this theory discusses how leaders should aid subordinates in attaining rewards by clarifying the paths to goals. Example of this is the model that was proposed by John Adair in 1973. It is called the Action Centred Leadership model.   It argues that it is not who one is but what he does that determines him as a leader (Vroom, 1973). These two theories of leadership clearly state that for a leader to become effective, he needs to adjust to the needs of his subordinates and organization. Although authoritative leadership could be effective in certain circumstances, a viable organization basically springs forth from a leadership that encourages participation from subordinates. Once subordinates discover that their services and inputs are valued by the leaders and managers, they shall be motivated to contribute more efforts to the organization.   This is very important as for many employees feel that some leaders do not value their efforts. Data Presentation and Analysis From the various literatures studied, it became apparent that the most effective leadership style is motivational one. Take for example the case of advertising agencies.   Most of them encourage the support and input of those involved in the project.   It is not only the boss or the leader who decides.   After some brainstorming, there will always be a group consensus that shall help them arrive at an agreed decision. In this case, the kind of leadership that develops and prevails in the organization is the motivational one because it encourages ordinary employees to contribute intellectually to all their projects.   In effect, the leader’s main work here only resides in facilitating meetings and brainstorming.   All the others depend on the employees. It would be impossible to find an effective advertising agency whose leaders are authoritative. This kind of atmosphere does not really thrive in a creative world such as this. Besides, if one has to really review history, it would be easy to note that companies that have survives the test of time are those that resorted to motivational leadership.   After all, everybody knows that employees are the core of every organization. To think otherwise is suicide. Although there are still leaders who resort to the â€Å"old† style of leadership where they confine decision-making within the realm of big bosses, they are fast fading away.   It is probably because they have realized how important varied inputs are to make an organization dynamic and progressive. At the end of the day, it is still the call of leaders or managers to choose the kind of management that they wish to impose in the office. They are the Pied Pipers of the industry and whatever they may decide on will affect not only their lives, but the lives of their subordinates as well.To put it succinctly, the following characteristics should be possessed by a leader so that he can effectively lead a group. First, a leader must know how to keep communication lines open within the group. As it has often been said, communication is the essence of organized activity and organizations function as a container within which communication takes place. By making sure that the communication process is seamless, he has already taken the step to make his organization more vibrant and dynamic. Second, there should be transparency between the leader and the members. To do this, the leader must make sure that a meeting is regularly scheduled to get both sides of the fence. This way, miscommunication is minimized and members will feel that they are vital to the group. Third, he should have the ability to combine caution with optimism.   He has to create a general outlook of optimism regarding what the changes he may want to implement. Any change in any group is often met with resistance and an effective leader must know how to deal with this. Fourth, he has to learn how to modify socialization tactics.   He must always remember that the primary way that people learn culture is through the socialization process. Lastly, he must find and cultivate innovative leadership. Group members are unlikely to give up whatever secure stability they derive from existing cultures and follow a leader in new directions unless that leader exudes self-confidence, has strong convictions, a dominant personality and can preach the vision with drama and eloquence. All these characteristics must be possessed by a leader in order for him to be effective. Of course, some effective leaders also falter in their role but generally, they are able to fill up their shortcomings by being able to get up when they fall down. In most cases, for a group leaders are more effective than managers. Technically, they are more or less the same but the latter are most likely inclined to only direct, instead of lead. Conclusion From the gathered data, it would be natural to conclude that an effective leader must know how to rally members behind the group’s goals and objectives.   He must not only possess sound judgment and magnanimity, but most importantly, he has to have a charismatic character that will make him stand-out in the group. It is not easy to become an effective leader.   One has to go through several missteps before he can effectively handle a group, but there is nothing really that practice cannot help improve. The most important thing that a leader has to bear in mind is that he has to lead several employees and whatever decision he makes will affect other lives.   It is for this reason that he must be very carefully about his management style.   Motivational factors of employees are imbedded in the leadership style of a manager, and this can only work if the manager will be able to recognize this fact early on. In the end, an effective leader is somebody who knows how to motivate group members into achieving their goals by encouraging teamwork to reach some kind of consensus amid varied ideas and beliefs. In the advertising agency mentioned earlier, the behaviour of the managers or leaders need not change because right from the start they have been advocates of liberal leadership where motivating employees are first and foremost in the over-all agenda. They recognize that once the right motivation is given to the subordinates, it will boost the morale of the employees.   From here, it goes without saying that this advertising agency will continuously evolved to become one viable organization internally. In a nutshell, it would be important to recap that motivation of employees is very important in ensuring a dynamic organization.   However, the right motivation can only be given by leaders or managers who encourage employee-participation in every endeavour. Ultimately, these leaders are those that discourage authoritarianism. Bibliography Avery, Christopher M. (2000). How Teamwork Can be Developed as an Individual Skill. The Journal for Quality and Participation. Colwell, Joy L. (2001).Beyond Brainstorming: How Managers Can Cultivate Creativity and Creative Problem-Solving Skills In Employee. Supervision. Schwartz, Andrew E. (1994). Group Decision Making. The CPA Journal. Taylor, Thomas. (1994). Public Dispute Resolution. Lecture presented for the Mediation Theory and Practice course at Florida State University Law School on April 16, 1994. Florida Conflict Resolution Consortium, Tallahassee, Florida. Vroom, V. H. Jago, A. G. (1988). The new leadership: Managing participation in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall. Vroom, V. H. Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Waitley, Denis and Maryann Rosenthal. Becoming a Proactive Leader. www.betttermanagement.com Whitman, Gilbert L. (1987) Leadership and Motivation (Management Skills Workshop) Bureau of Law and Business Reports, Madison, CT. How to cite Leadership: Key to Group Cohesiveness, Essay examples